Manufacture of files or rasps.



W. H. WAKPER. n l MNUFACTURE 0F FILES v0R RASPS. APPLICATION FILED 13110.13, 1913.

1,109,156. Patented sept.1,19.14

-UNfTED STATES PATENT onrucn WILLIAM HENRY WAKFER, OF lSOUTH NORWOOD, ENGLAD, ASSIG-NOR OF V10 SAMUEL IEIEQK, OF ,CALBOURNE ENGLAND.' v j MANUFACTURE F FILES 0R RASPS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patenten sept. 11914'.

y fappncation mea December 13, 1913. serial No. 806,497.

To all whom itmay concern: f c

Be it known thatyl, lVL'nijAM HENRY WAKFER, a subject of the Kingof Great Britain, and, resident of 67 VVlhitWorth road, 5 South Norwood, in the county of Surrey,

England, have invented new and usefulv Improvements in the Manufacture of Files or Rasps, of which lthe following is a specifica,- tion. l0 This invention has reference to. improvements in the manufacture of files or very coarse files which a'resometimesv called rasps and particularly to files of the kind having grooves forming clearingchannels for the 'l purpose of discharging in a more or less lateral direction the filings removed from lie object being filed by the teethr of 'the t is well known thatit has hitherto been i i i 2x0 proposed to cuttheteethnin files by a milling cutter or similar tool or by planing, pressing, orstamping or, manually, by a chisel,` either of' a. normal depth .throughout or deeper atone endthan the other but several practical diiiiculties were experienced when millingcutterswere employed, and notably if several cutterswere usedtogether which remark also applies to the cutters or tools of planing and shaping machines, it was almost impossible, except by the expenditure of a large amount of time, to insure that, all the cutters were set to cut a groove of.4 the exact depthand, moreover, the-sharpening' and' assembling o f thevcutters on the mandrel or in .a tool boxer multiple tool holder was a lengthy and complicated trapsaction, while 4if a single cutter broke orglhecame blunt from various causes during the process of grooving a ile blank, the operation' had 40 tobe stopped some or all of the cutters hadto lne-removed, the damagedcutter had-tov be resharpened and several of thecutters'replaced or at least a freshcutter hadto re-l place the damaged cutter and the cutters 'or 45. at least the new cutter had again to' be'. set'y at the proper depth before the grooving bpverationl couldv beim-commenced. Nowy all this involved Vfirstly, an inefficient method and secondly a great expenditure of time so;

that fromthe'practical point of view, it was impossible to manufacture the -iles Von, a commercially .paying basis, because it is obvious thathowever good a'iei'may be, there arelimits as to the "selling price of files, be-.-

yond which one'e'annot go, or the vpublic will .actlyxon' Q I, alignment@ 'that the resultlng cut 1s smooth 21 not buy them.v The stamping or pressing of the clearingphannels also had several defects because for exampleof the deformation or even breakage,of the'fibers of the metal wherever it was stamped, sometimes also the file blank required to be straightened again and furthermore a skin of oxid was formed as a result of the heating and stamping which had the effect of spoiling the cutting edges ofsthet'eeth which came to the edge of 65 each groove, irrespective of whether the teeth were formed before or after the grooving had taken place. It hasalso been pro- .posed to produce clearance grooves or channels, each groove bein deeper at one end than the other or'having a cross sectional area which gradually increases toward the delivery end of' such groove,but according `to this 'invention the iile blanks; which are or may be. producedin the usual way with .ground surfaces are formed with straight grooves'to' serve as clearing channels or auxiliary teeth of some kinds of files by sawing. The clearing channels are made of semicircular or more or uless rectangular section with rounded corners iny the process of saw'-, ing' but the auxiliary teeth may be formed by saws having teeth of va cross section other than Swami-circular ormore or less rectangular. The saw or saws are caused to travel racross the surface of the le or the file itself Itudinal axis of the -lejc'thereby giving the correct shearing anglefifor either.y ordinary,

Vworkjor'drazw filing,b utthe/*angles of the 'channels and :the vteeth may be` different, for example theteeth lmaybeat an angleof say.

to therlon-gitudinaliaxis of the le, while the lchannels may for 'example be at 40 or even ,509 thereto.. :Thus in coarse bastard files which are sometimes calledf'rasps, the

cutting ed of the teeth do not come ex'- hind .the lother but are out of even though the teeth may be very .coarsef It should also be understood that not only may the principal and auxiliary channels be cut by sawing but -the teeth and particularly coarse teeth such-as are formed on coarse bastard files or rasps lmay also .be cutbyv Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a cross section of'a saw'of the hacksa'w type with teeth having rounded .edges to form clearing channels semi-circular in cross section and a portion of a file blank is-shown .below'the saw. Fig. 2'is a similar view of a sawalso lof the hacksaw type having teeth with only slightly rounded edges and aportion of a ile blank is shown below the saw.A

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of .a sawing machine of known construction adapted to simultaneously fcut a number of' parallel grooves in a ile blank; Fig.- Lis an end view of the frame Fig. 5 sa detail in side elevation to a'larger scale showing the method of attaching? and l adjusting the tension of the saw blades at.

specti've view of-a vise for circular line c represents the depth of the clearance channel at its shallow end and the dotted semi-circula'r-line c shows thel depth of the clearance' channel at lits deep en d. Or as shown in Fig. 2, the'teeth e of the saw .f are made with rounded Icorners so as to -well known- .a file with a 'groove' having' sharp'I corners therein gular section with rounded corners.

produce'a groove g of more or lessrrectan'iA case the teeth 'of the saw.. or saws is lfor are ofsuch an external contour as to `produce.

channels withoutsharp corners, for as is.

such ya channell with'- `ordinary-usage after the subsequent hardening-" The .dotted line .gf represents the depth* 'o f' the clearance channel at the deep end'.

` Referring to Figs. s, 4 alla 5,--the saws b employed,

may' be'reciprooating sawsy of thexA *blade or hacksaw type mounted -inf'aiframe' k and -at suitable distances apart, iii-there bev Y several, to produce a numbercof channels at one operation, Vor severalfr'ames may jbe employed.- Thesaw' frame k is adapted to slide on the guide rods fixed tothe rocking .a numberl of sawssimultfaneously on" one side' frame la furnishedwithaweight Zy which is adjustablefon said frame and serves toregulate the pressure y'of thesawson the" work *rods mfre'ceivi-ng-'motion from a ,crank pin n ,duringthecutting stroke. The saw frame l1.'

is 'adapted'v to 'reciprocatelon the rocking frame by means of aconne'cting rod or mounted onlthe driving shaft o The saw ameis provided fon eachs'ide and it-may or holder for thefsaws'.`

`Fig. 6 is afper-A raised in front s In i any' is"r liable 'tof break "at,

or saws by,

be betweenf'each side and similarly at eachv end `with adjustinglscrews p each of which 4screws intoja. screw-,threaded hole 'in an adjustable bar "Q thtsaid screws also passing through, suitable holes in the-saw frame h. There ,is alsoa similar adjustable bar r at thebackoj :the saw' frame andv both bars are slotted in'ia direction from front' to' back adapted tjo take a saw Iblade b and the said bars are vmoreoverprovided with hookshaped projections t, best 'seen in Fig. 5, on,

each side of a slot adapted to receive a piece ofA steel wire u,

vise o which is bolted or otherwise fixed to with a umher offsite@ (Fig. 4) of a width j y onewvire being passed .through the hole at each 'end of each blade.

l kThe file blank d is'mounted yin a suitable the table w of themachine. The'top ofthe I I jaws ofthevise rectionof cut ofthe saws or at an angle thereto. This vise has a' number of grooves m andy cut in the ixed and movable jaws `e and l respectivelvwhich slots'correspond the closest to the position and direction of A spacing of .the grooves to be cut'in a file blank d. Ifvthe grooves or channels` are to may be parallel to the dibemade deeper orfof larger cross sectional l .area at on'e endthanat the other vit ischi vious vthat thelfront or rear of the vise may be .made higher or the vise. may be packed up on fone side,-

the lile .than thefother. `It' should, however, be Vnoted that neither fthe machine nor the with spacing distancesapart. 1 l

'say behind, Ior it may be' v o that-1th@- saws-cut deeper f into'the blank towardfonesideor edge of g The saw -or'fsawsmay be arranged to opf erate`in1aplaneat right angles to thefplane of `the workso vas toproducechannels with" their slides 'at right angles 'to the surface of the" file, or'the saws may benmounted at an angle thereto, or"tle.`le blank may be. so mountedrelatively` to the plane of the saw for -example, tilting the lvise' as aforesaid, -with the result that the channels produced are undercut. |lhe channels may thus beformed singly butnaturally all of the channels are' preferably madeat one time on one'si'de orl en both sides of the file blank according as one'employs one saw vor or' on 'both sides. Y Obviouslyiif' the channels are made'of equal depth and wider at one\end than the-other, more thangoiie' sawing operation for each channel may be required, or the blank orthe saw or' saws may be angularly -shifted slightlyrelatively to each other to insure 'the desired taper forms I and wider atv one end than the other the in plan, but if the channels are both ldeeper vi's'e'frm'any part o-thi'snventiont Orthe- -lsa'ws vmay be oi." the circular type', in 'which case theyarenioun'ted on a mandrel-or arbor j .-v f

cross section `of the teeth may be such as vt0 `produce that result and as shown for eX- aniple, in Fig. l. Furthermore, if desired,

a shallow, intermediate channel or channels or an auxiliary tooth or auxiliary teeth may be formed in between and parallel to the .principal channels, and such auxiliary teeth are preferably, but not necessarily, undereut by for example-mounting the saws atan acute angle to the plane of the surface of the tile, Whether these grooves or channels be made-previously 'or at the saine time as the principal channels or subsequently, the object or' these shallow channels or auxiliary teeth being to. aid in the' prevention 'of the file from slipping sideWise When in use. Or these auxiliaryV channels `or teeth may be arranged somewhat angularly to the principal channels Which isof assistance in affording a good grip on the Work vand -par ticularly when filing cast iron. The channeled or grooved blanks are then preferably stripped in the usual Way and may -be cut by hand or putinto a file cutting machine in which the teeth are cut-parallel to each other in the surface of the blank at an angle then the teeth between' two channels may be l cut at one' angle or in'one direction7 while vthe teeth between other channels may be cut)` at an angle or direction opposite to the angle or direction of the other'teethfbefore r i referred to. The ordinary teeth may, be l cut' before the vchannels are made or after@- Ward.'

I- claim 1. The method of lmanuacturing` .lest'ii which comprises forming the cutting edgeson aile by sawingkerfs across a blank at vthe desired angle to the longitudinal aXisfof the blank.

2. The method of manufacturing `files, which comprises forming the cutting` edges of a i'ile by subjecting a iile' blank to a saw ing` operation and increasing` the depth of the kerf' from one end vto the otherl during such sawing operation.

3. The inethod of 'manufacturing les, which comprises forming cutting edges of a ile by sawingdrer's in a file blank, said kerfs increasing in Widtlrfroin one end to the other. 4. rThe method of manufacturing files,

Whichcomprises forming cutting edges of a file by sawing in a file blank kerfs'increasing both in Width and deptlrfioin one end to the other.

The method of manufacturingtiles, l

which comprises forming cutting edges et aj le by subjecting a file blank to a reciprt catory sawing operation, for the purpose set forth. t

WILLIAM HENRY WAKFER. Witnesses: R.' PHiLLIPs,

W. E. ROGERS.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commssionerof T E'atents,

. Washington, D. C. 

